Australia

  To begin to get you to know what coastal problems are in Australia, it is coastal erosion. What is Coastal Erosion? It is when the ocean takes away things, for example, the waves hit the shore and take away a certain amount of sand or a rock, making the beach smaller or emptier. It is usually driven by waves and currents; however, coastal erosion is often associated with bad weather. Many beaches in Australia are vulnerable to coastal erosion. There is an event called " La Niña". They call it this because it is the weather pattern that affects Australia. This typically happens in the spring and summer months. They had done a study of four decades with satellite imagery.   Dr Javier Leon is a lecturer in physical geography at the University of the Sunshine Coast. HE has estimated that in the past 3 years, the shoreline has retreated by 20 meters and sand dunes receded between 7cm and 10cm. Australia is developing and understanding Coastal erosion. They developed methods ...

 Many extreme weather events are going on in Australia. Queensland is in the middle of a severe flood, there is a tropical cyclone going on in the Western part of Australia, and a lot of bush wildfires going on that were caused by storms and the hot and windy weather. However, we will be talking about the heat waves they have experienced.  In 2022 the Western part of Australia has gone through many heat waves. A town called Onslow In January they experienced a temperature of 50.7C and the conversion to Fahrenheit it will be 123 degrees Fahrenheit; another town called Perth had six days of 40 C temperature. The average temperature in Australia is 20-37 C. In 2015-2016 summer Perth had a record of 7 summer days that exceeded 40C. However, in 2021-2022 the city Perth surpassed that. Due to the major heat waves they experience they also experience the Winds and dry weather from the desert. Heatwaves are one of the major natural hazards that they experience in Australia. The reason...

 Every year in Australia landslides can damage many things. They can damage Houses, buildings, roads, railways, pipelines, agricultural land, and crops, and they can inflict harm to people with minor, or major injury and can result in loss of life. Landslides are very frequent and occur in Australia. According to the Queensland Government, they are aware of taking action to be aware of the risks and effects. You may wonder what a Landslide? A landslide is a large amount of Earth, rock, sand, or mud or it can be a combination of them. A Landslide can even cause an earthquake. Three types of Landslides occur in Australia are Rockfall, Deep-seat landslides, Debris flow, and Shallow landslides.  Australia has steps to reduce the impacts of landslides, they listed to have a plan, pack supplies, make sure you're covered, check in to your local council if any land slides have occur in the area you live in. https://www.getready.qld.gov.au/understand-your-risk/types-natural-disasters/l...

  There aren't any active volcanoes in Australia. Volcanoes occur closer to the tectonic plate boundaries. The reason why Australia rarely has any volcanic activity is because there are no plate boundaries. However, this doesn't mean they do not have active volcanoes near them. The Heard and McDonald Islands are volcanoes that are on Australian territories. They are located on the southern ocean. Although they are active and not on the mainland it still causes damage to Southern Australia. This can cause blizzards, strong winds, and temperatures that can be dangerous. Since Australia very rarely has any volcanic activity they work on reducing risk to the community. They help by coordinating with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Department of Defence offering to support them during any volcano eruption. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/577/#:~:text=Big%20Ben%20on%20Heard%20Island,significantly%20in%20size%20since%20inscription . https://www.ga.gov.au/education/n...

 Earthquakes do not occur as often in Australia. They don't experience earthquakes as much because they sit in the middle of the Indo-Australian tectonic plate. they are away from the boundaries and other tectonic plates where major and more frequent earthquakes occur. There have been a few that have happened frequently in 2021 Victoria got an earthquake that was 5.8 and 4.3 and western Australia was hit with a 5.3 that same year. the year after, another one had a magnitude of 4.8 in western Australia, and in March they had one in the south. Although they don't experience many earthquakes Adam Pascale is the chief scientist at Seismology Research Centre. He stated although there have been more earthquakes than usual, it is fine because they are happening in normal return time.  Below average Normal range Above average Although we don't get earthquake activity as much; the Indo-Pacific region experiences more disasters. However, Australia is working along their side to imp...

 Tectonic To better understand what is going on in this picture. Convergent means where two plates are moving towards each other and colliding. Divergent   is when two plates are moving from each other Transform is when one plate passes by another tectonic plate. In less confusing words, they slide by each other but do not collide. Australia's Tectonic plate is the Indo-Australian plate, one of the 7 major Tectonic plates. Australia is the 6th largest tectonic plate. it is 8,900,000 square kilometers (22,700,000 square miles). The Australian Plate is combined with the Indian Plate however they are viewed as two separate tectonic plates. The Tectonic plate stretches to India and also goes into the oceanic crust of the Indian Ocean. As you can see in the image the Eurasian plate is outlined and this is because the Indo-Australian plate collides with it and this rises the Himalayan Mountain. If you take a look back at the first image you can see earthquake activity alon...